Selasa, 31 Maret 2009
Jumat, 06 Februari 2009
Sejarah musik underground
EMBRIO kelahiran scene musik rock underground di Indonesia sulit dilepaskan dari evolusi rocker-rocker pionir era 70-an sebagai pendahulunya. Sebut saja misalnya God Bless, Gang PePegangsaan, Gypsy (Jakarta), Giant Step, Super Kid (Bandung), Terncem (Solo), AKA/SAS (Surabaya), Bentoel (Malang) hingga Rawe Rontek dari Banten. Mereka inilah generasi pertama rocker Indonesia.
Istilah underground sendiri sebenarnya sudah digunakan Majalah Aktuil sejak awal era 70- an. Istilah tersebut digunakan majalah musik dan gaya hidup pionir asal Bandung itu untuk mengidentifikasi band-band yang memainkan musik keras dengan gaya yang lebih `liar’ dan `ekstrem’ untuk ukuran jamannya. Padahal kalau mau jujur, lagu-lagu yang dimainkan band-band tersebut di atas bukanlah lagu karya mereka sendiri, melainkan milik band-band luar negeri macam Deep Purple, Jefferson Airplane, Black Sabbath, Genesis, Led Zeppelin, Kansas, Rolling Stones hingga ELP. Tradisi yang kontraproduktif ini kemudian mencatat sejarah hanya sedikit saja album rekaman yang terlahir dari band-band rock generasi 70-an ini.
Istilah underground sendiri sebenarnya sudah digunakan Majalah Aktuil sejak awal era 70- an. Istilah tersebut digunakan majalah musik dan gaya hidup pionir asal Bandung itu untuk mengidentifikasi band-band yang memainkan musik keras dengan gaya yang lebih `liar’ dan `ekstrem’ untuk ukuran jamannya. Padahal kalau mau jujur, lagu-lagu yang dimainkan band-band tersebut di atas bukanlah lagu karya mereka sendiri, melainkan milik band-band luar negeri macam Deep Purple, Jefferson Airplane, Black Sabbath, Genesis, Led Zeppelin, Kansas, Rolling Stones hingga ELP. Tradisi yang kontraproduktif ini kemudian mencatat sejarah hanya sedikit saja album rekaman yang terlahir dari band-band rock generasi 70-an ini.
Jim Morrison
Jim Morrison, yang memiliki nama asli James Douglas Morrison, lahir di Florida, Amerika Serikat pada 8 Desember 1943 dari pasangan George Stephen Morrison dan Clara Clark Morrison. Januari 1964 Morrison lulus dari UCLA jurusan Theater Arts Departement of the College of Arts.
Era The DoorsNama Jim Morrison besar sebagai vokalis The Doors yang didirikan tahun 1965 di Los Angeles, bersama kibordis Ray Manzarek. Band yang paling kontroversial pada jamannya karena lirik yang samar, terkadang sangat vulgar dan tidak diduga. Kala itu Manzarek sangat terkesan dengan puisi buatan Morrison yang berjudul “Moonlight Drive” lalu dibentuklah The Doors dengan formasi kibordis Ray Manzarek, vokalis Jim Morrison, drummer John Densmore, dan gitaris Robby Krieger. Nama band The Doors diambil dari buku karya Aldous Huxley, “The Doors of Perception”.
Era The DoorsNama Jim Morrison besar sebagai vokalis The Doors yang didirikan tahun 1965 di Los Angeles, bersama kibordis Ray Manzarek. Band yang paling kontroversial pada jamannya karena lirik yang samar, terkadang sangat vulgar dan tidak diduga. Kala itu Manzarek sangat terkesan dengan puisi buatan Morrison yang berjudul “Moonlight Drive” lalu dibentuklah The Doors dengan formasi kibordis Ray Manzarek, vokalis Jim Morrison, drummer John Densmore, dan gitaris Robby Krieger. Nama band The Doors diambil dari buku karya Aldous Huxley, “The Doors of Perception”.
Rabu, 03 Desember 2008
Contemporary Period
Why do musical styles change? The "evolution" of music is at least partly
shaped by the influence one composer has on another. These influences
are not always positive, however. Sometimes composers react against
the music of their recent past (even though they might admire it) and move
in what seems to be the opposite direction. For example, the simplified
style of the early Classical period was almost certainly a reaction to the
extreme intricacies of the late Baroque.
The late Romantic period featured its own extremes: sprawling
symphonies and tone-poems overflowing with music that seemed to
stretch harmony and melody to their limits. It is certainly possible to view
some early 20th century music as an extension of the late Romantic style,
but a great deal of it can also be interpreted as a reaction against that
style.
20th century music is a series of "isms" and "neo-isms." The primal energy
of Stravinsky's Rite of Spring has been called neo-Primitivism. The
intensely emotional tone of Schönberg's early music has been labeled
Expressionism. The return to clearly structured forms and textures has
been dubbed neo-Classicism. These terms have been employed in an
attempt to organize the diversity of styles running through the 20th
century.
Nationalism continued to be a strong musical influence in the first half of
the century. The study of folk songs enriched the music of numerous
composers, such as Ralph Vaughan Williams (England), Bela Bartok
(Hungary), Heitor Villa Lobos (Brazil) and Aaron Copland (USA). Jazz
and popular musical styles have also been tremendously influential on
"classical" composers from both the United States and Europe.
Technology has played a increasingly important role in the development of
20th century music. Composers have used recording tape as a
compositional tool (such as Steve Reich's Violin Phase). Electronically
generated sounds have been used both on their own and in combination
with traditional instruments. More recently, computer technology has been
used in a variety of ways, including manipulating the performance of
instruments in real time.
shaped by the influence one composer has on another. These influences
are not always positive, however. Sometimes composers react against
the music of their recent past (even though they might admire it) and move
in what seems to be the opposite direction. For example, the simplified
style of the early Classical period was almost certainly a reaction to the
extreme intricacies of the late Baroque.
The late Romantic period featured its own extremes: sprawling
symphonies and tone-poems overflowing with music that seemed to
stretch harmony and melody to their limits. It is certainly possible to view
some early 20th century music as an extension of the late Romantic style,
but a great deal of it can also be interpreted as a reaction against that
style.
20th century music is a series of "isms" and "neo-isms." The primal energy
of Stravinsky's Rite of Spring has been called neo-Primitivism. The
intensely emotional tone of Schönberg's early music has been labeled
Expressionism. The return to clearly structured forms and textures has
been dubbed neo-Classicism. These terms have been employed in an
attempt to organize the diversity of styles running through the 20th
century.
Nationalism continued to be a strong musical influence in the first half of
the century. The study of folk songs enriched the music of numerous
composers, such as Ralph Vaughan Williams (England), Bela Bartok
(Hungary), Heitor Villa Lobos (Brazil) and Aaron Copland (USA). Jazz
and popular musical styles have also been tremendously influential on
"classical" composers from both the United States and Europe.
Technology has played a increasingly important role in the development of
20th century music. Composers have used recording tape as a
compositional tool (such as Steve Reich's Violin Phase). Electronically
generated sounds have been used both on their own and in combination
with traditional instruments. More recently, computer technology has been
used in a variety of ways, including manipulating the performance of
instruments in real time.
Medieval
When we explore Medieval music, we are dealing with the longest and most distant period of musical history. Saint Gregory is credited with organizing the huge repertory of chant that developed during the first centuries of the Christian church, hence the term Gregorian chant. He was pope from 590 to 604, and the Medieval era continued into the 1400s, so this period consists of almost a millennium's worth of music.
One of the principal difficulties in studying Medieval music is that a system for notating music developed only gradually. The first examples of musical notation date from around 900. For several centuries, notation only indicated what pitch (or note) to sing. The system for notating rhythm started in the 12th or 13th century.
Gregorian chant is monophonic, meaning music that consists of only one melodic line without accompaniment. The beauty of chant lies in the serene, undulating shapes of its melody. We do not know who wrote the melodies of Gregorian chant. Like folk melodies, the music probably mutated as it was passed down through generations and eventually reached its notated form.
Polyphony, music where two or more melodic lines are heard simultaneously, did not exist (or was not notated) until the 11th century. Unlike chant, polyphony required the participation of a composer to combine the melodic lines in a pleasing manner. Although most Medieval polyphonic music is anonymous--the names of the composers were either lost or never written down at all--there are composers whose work was so important that their names were preserved along with their music.
One of the principal difficulties in studying Medieval music is that a system for notating music developed only gradually. The first examples of musical notation date from around 900. For several centuries, notation only indicated what pitch (or note) to sing. The system for notating rhythm started in the 12th or 13th century.
Gregorian chant is monophonic, meaning music that consists of only one melodic line without accompaniment. The beauty of chant lies in the serene, undulating shapes of its melody. We do not know who wrote the melodies of Gregorian chant. Like folk melodies, the music probably mutated as it was passed down through generations and eventually reached its notated form.
Polyphony, music where two or more melodic lines are heard simultaneously, did not exist (or was not notated) until the 11th century. Unlike chant, polyphony required the participation of a composer to combine the melodic lines in a pleasing manner. Although most Medieval polyphonic music is anonymous--the names of the composers were either lost or never written down at all--there are composers whose work was so important that their names were preserved along with their music.
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